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Historical Values
Year Value
1990 only party--Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Jiang Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee
1990 about 45,000,000 party members (1986)
1990 such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue
1991 only party--Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee (since NA June 1989)
1991 49,000,000 party members (1990 est.)
1991 such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue
1992 - Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee (since 24 June 1989); also, eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
1992 49,000,000 party members (1990 est.)
1992 such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue
1993 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee (since 24 June 1989); eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
1993 such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue
1994 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee (since 24 June 1989); eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
1994 such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue
1995 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee (since 24 June 1989); eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
1995 such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue
1996 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
1996 such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue
1997 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
1997 no meaningful political opposition groups exist
1998 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, General Secretary of the Central Committee; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
1998 no meaningful political opposition groups exist
1999 Chinese Communist Party or CCP registered small parties controlled by CCP
1999 no meaningful political opposition groups exist
2000 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [JIANG Zemin, General Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2000 no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong sect and the China Democracy Party as potential rivals
2001 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [JIANG Zemin, General Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2001 no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong sect and the China Democracy Party as potential rivals
2002 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao, General Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2002 no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong sect and the China Democracy Party as potential rivals
2003 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao, General Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2003 no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong sect and the China Democracy Party as potential rivals
2004 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao, General Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2004 no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong spiritual movement and the China Democracy Party as subversive groups
2005 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao, General Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2005 no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong spiritual movement and the China Democracy Party as subversive groups
2006 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2006 no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong spiritual movement and the China Democracy Party as subversive groups
2007 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2007 no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong spiritual movement and the China Democracy Party as subversive groups
2008 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2008 the China Democracy Party; the Falungong spiritual movement note: no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the organizations listed above as subversive groups
2009 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2009 the China Democracy Party; the Falungong spiritual movement note: no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the organizations listed above as subversive groups
2010 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2010 no substantial political opposition groups exist
2011 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP
2011 no substantial political opposition groups exist
2012 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping]; eight nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP
2012 no substantial political opposition groups exist
2013 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] eight nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP
2013 no substantial political opposition groups exist
2014 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] eight nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP
2014 no substantial political opposition groups exist
2015 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] | note: China has eight nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP
2015 no substantial political opposition groups exist
2016 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] | note: China has eight nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP
2016 no substantial political opposition groups exist
2017 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] | note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP
2017 no substantial political opposition groups exist
2018 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] | note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties controlled by the CCP
2019 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] | note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties controlled by the CCP
2020 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] | note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties controlled by the CCP
2021 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties controlled by the CCP
2022 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties controlled by the CCP
2023 Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties controlled by the CCP
2024 Chinese Communist Party or CCP note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties controlled by the CCP
2025 Chinese Communist Party or CCP note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties controlled by the CCP